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Preheat oven to 350 degrees; butter a heavy 9-inch skillet with an oven-proof handle.
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In a bowl, stir together the buttermilk, raisins, caraway seeds, and baking soda.
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In a separate large electric mixing bowl, beat together the butter and sugar, then stir in the buttermilk mixture.
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In another bowl, sift together the flour, baking powder, and salt.
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With the mixer running on medium low, gradually add the flour mixture to the other mixed ingredients in the bowl until incorporated; do not overmix.
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Pour the batter into the buttered skillet and bake at 350 degrees for 60 minutes.
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Place a clean towel on a flat surface and carefully turn the bread out onto the towel; let stand for 30 minutes.
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Cut into wedges and serve warm with soft butter for spreading.