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Prepare a cookie sheet with non-stick vegetable spray.
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Combine the molasses, sugar, water, and cider vinegar in a heavy 3 quart saucepan, blend.
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Bring to a boil over medium-low heat.
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Add cream of tartar.
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Cover and let boil 3 minutes.
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Uncover and brush down sugar crystals from sides of pan using pastry brush dipped into cool water.
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Continue to boil with minimal stirring until the temperature reaches 256°F (hard ball stage).
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Remove from heat and add butter, baking soda, and vanilla.
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Pour out onto prepared sheet.
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Use a spatula to fold the edges of the cooling taffy toward the center.
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When cool enough to handle butter (or oil) your fingertips and find a friend, child, or spouse (have them butter their hands too).
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Pull the taffy about 12 inches, twist, and fold back on itself.
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Repeat this process until the taffy becomes difficult to pull.
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Pull and roll into a long rope and cut with buttered scissors into small bite-sized segments.
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Place on waxed paper to harden.
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Store in an airtight container between layers of waxed paper.
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Makes about 1 pound.