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Rinse off the barley and let it soak in a cup of water overnight.
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Preheat the oven to 350°F.
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Place the chicken breast in a baking dish. Zest one lemon on top of the chicken and squeeze all of the juice over it.
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Bake the chicken for approximately 30 minutes or until done (this is for boneless skinless chicken breast, adjust cook time if using chicken with bones).
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Shred the chicken into small pieces and set aside.
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Sauté the onion in a large pot with the olive oil for about five minutes.
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Rinse the lentils and add them to the pot.
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Drain the barley and add it to the pot. Squeeze the second lemon into the pot (be careful not to add any seeds!).
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Add in the chicken broth, diced tomatoes, oregano, parsley, and four cups of water. Mix the contents and bring them to a boil.
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Turn down the heat and simmer for 30 minutes, stirring occasionally.
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Add in the shredded chicken breast and carrots and simmer for another 5 minutes.