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Preheat oven to 400 degrees F.
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Line two baking sheets with parchment or wax paper.
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Beat the yolks and 1/2 cup sugar on high for 5 minutes until ribbons fall from beater.
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Lower speed and beat in vanilla and water.
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Increase speed and beat for 30 seconds to thicken.
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Sift the flour over this and set aside, without mixing.
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In another bowl, beat egg whites until foamy, then add cream of tartar.
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Beat until soft peaks form.
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Gradually beat in remaining 1/4 cup sugar.
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Continue beating until stiff peaks form.
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Add 1/3 of the whites to the yolk bowl and fold until all the flour is incorporated.
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Gently fold in remaining whites.
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Working quickly to avoid deflation, scoop 4 cups into a large pastry bag with a 3/4 tip.
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Pipe 3 inch by 1 1/2 inch'fingers' 1/4 inch apart.
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They will attach during baking.
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Be sure and let the batter fall from the tip, rather than pressing onto the sheet.
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If you are making a bottom for a cheesecake, pipe a spiral, ending at about 10 inches in diameter.
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Sift the powdered sugar over- the batter will absorb some.
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Bake for 8 to 10 minutes until springy to the touch.
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Remove to racks and cool slightly.
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Remove from parchment with long spatula while still warm.
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Or invert disc onto towel-covered rack and reinvert back to plain rack.