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Stir the first four ingredients together in a saucepan over low heat until the sugar is dissolved.
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Set timer for 20 minutes (this is so you will know when to begin mixing the egg whites).
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Boil without stirring to 265 degrees on a candy thermometer or until a little mixture that is dropped in cold water forms a hard, almost brittle ball. (Expect this to typically take about 25 minutes.).
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When timer goes off and while your sugar mixture has not yet reached 265 degrees, beat your egg whites until they form stiff peaks - typically 5-8 minutes on a setting of 4 on a Kitchenaid mixer.
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Remove syrup from heat once it has reached 265 and **slowly** pour over stiffly beaten egg whites while beating with a mixer. Continue mixing until mixture loses its gloss and a small amount that is dropped from a spoon holds its shape. Specifically, this takes me about 10-15 minutes on level 4 on my kitchenaid mixer.
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Fold in vanilla.
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Drop by spoonfuls onto waxed paper to cool.
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Store in sealed container - they will go stale if left out!