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In a large 3 1/2 quart-size saucepan, combine sugar, baking soda, buttermilk, and salt. Cook over high heat for about 5 minutes or until the mixture reaches 210 degrees on a candy thermometer. Stir often scraping the bottom and sides. The mixture will foam up.
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Add butter, pecans, and vanilla.
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Over medium heat, continue cooking.
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Stir constantly scraping bottom and sides until the mixture reaches softball stage (235 degrees on a candy thermometer or spinning a thread).
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Remove mixture from heat.
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Cool slightly (about 2 minutes). Beat with spoon until thick and creamy.
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Drop from a tablespoon onto sheet of alumium foil or wax paper. Let cool. Store in an airtight container.